Friday, November 11, 2011

購買翡翠時、該如何的挑選 ?-How to choose jadeite?

翡翠玉石的挑選說真的比水晶要注意的更多,而玉本身除了玉種之外簡單的分別就是A貨,B貨,C貨,茲分別簡單的敘述如下:
  1. A貨 : 代表的就是完整無瑕的一塊天然玉石,它是沒有經過任何的人工處理(拋光及琢磨除外),但A貨並不一定就是表示這塊玉石就是非常的昂貴,它的價值取決於更多的因素.
  2. B貨 : 代表的是玉石的本身有些微的瑕疵(如礦缺或裂紋)而用人工修補的方式將其處理後,使其外表看起來飲完美無缺,這樣的產品如果價格並不十分昂貴是可以接受的.
  3. C貨 : 代表的是經過染色的玉,科技日新月異各式各樣的染色技巧翻陳出新,另人防不勝防,這也是龍龍一直以來對玉石的興趣遠遠不及水晶的原因之一.
了解了簡單的等級分類之後就要提到重點了,既然玉的市場這麼混亂那該如何來挑選呢?要挑選一塊玉可分為六大步驟:
  1. : 指的是翡翠玉石的顏色,以翡翠為例,最上等的翡翠是呈現深綠且透明的顏色,但價格當然也就不便宜,而翡翠的綠色要求的是正,濃,陽,均,所謂的正就是綠色就必須是正綠色而如果是藍綠色或是黃綠色那落為下品,而濃指的是顏色的本身必須飽滿,顏色不能太淡更不能帶有黑味,而陽指的就是顏色必須明亮,鮮艷這和看水晶時的"火光"有點類似,愈陽的翡翠它的價值就愈高,最後就是均了,顧名思義均指的就是顏色要均勻柔和,顏色愈均勻的翡翠它的價值就愈高.
  2. : 當然指的就是透明度嚕!不管翡翠的顏色多漂亮如果透明度不夠的話總是會讓人覺得少了些什麼,所以透度佳的翡翠價值相當的不菲,一般來說仔玉(生長在河床中的玉礦)的透明度較山玉(生長在山上的玉礦)的透明度好很多.
  3. : 這裡的勻指的是玉的質地要勻,一塊好的翡翠玉石它的質地一定要勻稱,乾淨,而一顆整塊都是綠色的翡翠和只有一部份綠色的翡翠價格往往會相差很多,但如果只有一點點綠那綠在中間部位又比綠在邊緣部位有價值.
  4. : 形指的是雕工,拋工及磨工,一塊上好的玉石也要有好的師傅來為它雕刻,中國人的習慣不管是飾品或擺件通常都會雕刻上一些吉祥的圖案,這時雕工的細膩程度及所雕刻的物品比例都是值得注意的焦點,而良好的拋工會使得玉的表面生輝光亮,相反的拋光不佳的玉將會產生凹凸不平的橘皮效應!
  5. : 這可不是在賣膏藥哦!在購買翡翠玉石時可以請賣方用繩子把玉吊起來用另一塊玉輕輕的敲擊,如果聲音愈清脆代表它的質地愈細密,反之如果聲音是暗沈的甚至是有點啞啞的聲音那代表著這塊玉的質地較為疏鬆或有間隙存在那應該就是B貨才對,但要注意的是最好請老闆進行敲擊以免不小心敲太用力或玉石本身有瑕疵一敲就碎那可就跟老闆扯不清了.
  6. : 購買玉石時最好隨身攜帶燈筆,將燈筆由下往上一照那就可以清楚的看清楚是否有瑕疵,裂紋或是處理的痕跡,龍龍在之前就一直強調燈筆就像是照妖鏡一樣所有亂七八槽的東西皆無所遁形,這是十分好用的工具是每一個人都應該擁有的.
初入門者靠感覺去辨別B貨並不容易。一般來說,因B貨的結構破壞,所以結構鬆一點,顏色不夠自然。如果懸起來輕輕對碰,發出的聲音沉悶不清脆。 當然玉的學問是非常繁瑣的,這些介紹只能說是讓你對玉有一些基本的認識而已

Link:
我們真懂翡翠麼?
收藏玉器

翡翠飾品破損的處理(2005年03月17日)

Friday, November 4, 2011

梳子的習俗代表

我國古時候,送梳子有私訂終身,欲與妳白頭偕老的意思。
送梳子代表一輩子都要糾纏到老,有結髮,私訂終身的意思
 
古代的女子出嫁前有家人為其梳頭的習俗,所謂“一梳梳到底,二梳白髮齊眉,三梳子孫滿堂”,既 包含了家人的美好祝願,也有愛意的傳遞。因此,不少地方有了七夕送梳子的習俗。
 
送梳子有幾種說法:  
  1.梳子代表相思,代表著對方很想念很掛念妳!
  2.梳子每天都梳理頭發也代表著它與妳的密切性,代表著白頭攜老
  3.梳子還代表愛情,古代一般有做定情的意思!
  4.梳子也代表健康,快樂! 把煩惱一掃而過,把心結打開,而且梳頭會給人精神,帶給人自信!
English Translation
China in ancient times, a man sending or giving his girl friend a comb means his promiss and wishes a lifetime together with her.
In Chinese family custom,  the night  before wedding  the women get her  hair comb , so-called "a comb in the end, two comb hair bang, three comb many children" . The meaning of this tradition both the family's good wishes, but also love of the pass. So many places a boy send a comb to  his love with Chinese Tanabata customs, it's a way of saying his promiss a lifetime together with her.
 
There are several way of saying by choose to send comb:
     1 comb , representing the very miss you miss each other!
     2 comb, combing hair every day, it also represents the close of you, get old together, both get bold!
    3 comb, also represents love, the ancient meaning of tokens generally have to do!
    4 comb,  also represents health and happiness! The troubles swept away, the heart was open, and give people the spirit of the hair, to bring people confidence!

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

台灣藍玉髓-Taiwan blue chalcedony

台灣藍玉髓(俗稱台灣藍寶)

前言
台灣東部所產一種天藍色叫台灣藍寶的寶石,事實上並不是剛玉家族的藍寶,而是石英家族的藍玉髓,它主要的成份是二氧化矽,因含有少量銅的成份,而形成了天藍色,是臺灣目前所產寶石中價位最高的一種。

台灣藍寶呈豔藍色或泛翠綠之色澤,散發著一股神祕深邃、典雅幽豔的氣息,玻璃質地中隱隱透著溫潤之光華,拋光後明豔照人,是目前海岸山脈最珍貴玉石之一;一級品的天空藍、海水藍和翡翠藍,一直是收藏家的最愛。
    藍玉髓除了有台灣藍寶之稱,另有「水晶翠」的美名,其顏色有深藍、淺藍或藍中帶黃等種,其中以透明中度藍色而邊緣帶黃綠色的售價最高,這種藍玉髓較不會變色;另外,深藍色半透明的藍玉髓,顏色非常接近剛玉的藍寶石,只是這種藍玉髓的顏色通常較不能穩定持久。

產地和產狀

藍玉髓乃於中新世之後生成的,因構成該礦脈之礦物,由含有矽酸鹽的低溫熱液在安山岩集塊岩裂隙中沉澱而成。藍玉髓主要由放射纖維狀或球粒狀玉髓所組成,並常含少量的綠泥蛋白石及自然銅等,產地主要在海岸山脈的南段及中段,以不規則的脈狀體存在於都蘭山之安山岩塊裂隙中,寶石脈的產狀多呈延長10公里 左右,寬度5 -10公分之不規則小脈狀,礦脈之寬度有時可達 30公分。
   
台灣藍寶石(藍玉髓)產地多在海岸山脈的都蘭山,都蘭山曾是一座火山,在火山爆發後,富含矽、鎂、鐵等化學成分的岩漿流入岩層縫隙,並經過冰河時期的自然冷卻,加上地層的擠壓產生結晶,並與原有礦石共生而產生,曾名列世界藍玉髓重要產地。

玉髓質純不含雜質時為白色,但如果在白色玉髓母體晶粒間之孔隙或晶面掺入其他礦物雜質,便會呈現雜質礦物的顏色。例如:藍玉髓就是因為含有少量的矽孔雀石而呈淡藍色。紅褐玉髓是因為含有鐵的氧化物而呈紅色,紫玉髓是因為鐵離子侵入玉髓晶格,產生色心而呈紫色。
事實上藍玉髓的顏色常不均勻,有時顏色呈帶狀分布,可能是玉髓沉澱時所含之微量雜質不同而造成。藍玉髓也會因受熱或光照的因素而褪色或變色,可能因為藍玉髓含有一些微量的含水礦物雜質,加溫過程導致含水礦物脫水或變質因此改變藍玉髓的顏色。一般而言,越透明的藍玉髓(二氧化矽成分越純,矽孔雀石含量越低)褪色或變色的機率越低。
   
台灣藍玉髓從日治時代就有人開始開採,如今上層礦脈漸枯竭,下層礦脈因機具及技術問題難以克服,採礦成本大增,雖然開採中的藍玉髓礦區還有數個,但規模都很小,倒是每逢颱風豪雨過後,山脈溪流七里溪仍會出現尋寶人,盼在石礫中撿到寶。
 海岸山脈產的藍玉髓以七里溪地區品質最佳。玉髓因含有少量銅的成份而呈現亮藍或藍綠色,常發現於斑岩銅礦的氧化帶,在美國或智利等地都有產出。台灣海岸山脈出產藍玉髓,顏色最美,品質最好,行情最高,可惜目前礦源已逐漸枯竭。
   
台灣藍寶與相似寶石的鑑別
由於台灣藍寶在市場上大受好評,價格也居高不下,因此會有一些天然的仿品流入市場,企圖魚目混珠,以次充好,尤其以美國進口的矽孔雀石(chrysocolla)數量最多,而其物理特性與藍玉髓最為接近,其次是異極礦與染色藍玉髓,茲以表格區分如下:



寶石名稱
台灣藍玉髓
矽孔雀石
異極礦
染色(藍)玉髓
英文名稱
Taiwan blue chalcedonychrysocollaHemimorphitechalcedony
化學成份
SiO2,可含Cu,Fe,等多種致色元素(Ca,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)2•nH2O, 可含Cu及雜質Zn4(OH)  Si2O7•H2O SiO2
結晶習性
隱晶質集合體,呈塊狀、粒狀或超細纖維狀集合體隱晶質或塊狀集合體,為銅礦物的蝕變產物,常伴生於玉髓中纖維狀、球狀、粒狀集合體,常產於石灰岩內隱晶質集合體,呈塊狀、粒狀或超細纖維狀集合體
摩氏硬度
 7 左右2~4(有時可達6)4.5~57 左右
相對密度
2.582.0~2.43.452.58
折射率
約1.5391.461~1.5701.614~1.636約1.540
光澤
油脂至玻璃蠟狀至玻璃玻璃油脂至玻璃
顏色
藍、藍綠色,較其他仿品顏色深,色調純正綠色、藍綠色綠色、水藍色藍綠色
透明度
微透明至半透明不透明至半透明不透明至微透明微透明至半透明
放大檢查
有些含Fe碧玉綠色條帶狀不特徵色料呈顆粒狀聚集
特殊性質
遇酸無反應遇酸會侵蝕HCI中可溶,但不起泡遇酸無反應
產地
台灣台灣、美國、巴西、智利、秘魯中國、奧地利、美國、英國、德國分佈於世界各地


    結論
台灣藍寶在世界上享有盛名,雖然在世界上有幾個國家有出產藍玉髓與矽孔雀石共生礦,如美國、印尼、墨西哥、智利,品質、顏色與台灣藍玉髓,非常相似,但看在行家的眼中,仍屬台灣藍玉髓最為他們所青睞,因為它所呈現的是一種鮮艷藍色或略帶翠綠的色調,質地透明,光豔照人,嬌鮮欲滴的模樣實在令人愛憐,這是其他的相似仿品所沒有的特性。
more link: http://nadm.gl.ntu.edu.tw/rocknet/   

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

薩摩燒 japan satsuma


薩摩燒(薩摩陶瓷) 

薩摩燒是日本鹿兒島縣產之陶瓷器總稱
日本陶器中栗田燒和薩摩燒之釉層有細緻的龜裂紋 表面妝飾是被稱為「薩摩錦手」的美艷釉上彩繪
薩摩燒擺脫朝鮮、京燒與肥前瓷器的傳統以及對古中國文明的崇拜之後
屏除樸素嫻雅的古風格,製品裝飾變得色彩絢爛、手法細膩
幕府末年,國際貿易興盛與西洋人憧憬東方美術. 加上1874年在奧地利博覽會展出「錦手花瓶」後. 訂單應接不暇,引起日本各地窯場競相仿製
惡性競爭與缺乏品管,使得「薩摩錦手」喪失吸引力,直到數十年後恢復身價
「薩摩錦手」的特色是:色彩濃郁豔麗, 構圖複雜細膩,描金填白互補,在表現素樸淡雅之餘, 繁複熱鬧的構圖仍然充分流露豪華豔麗的風采
薩摩瓷器以其精細的毛筆繪畫, 外加純金線條的補充而格外聞名,
十九世紀的薩摩燒甚至燒造紋樣繁縟的釉上彩繪.

薩摩燒(薩摩陶瓷) 薩摩燒(薩摩陶瓷)被分為"白薩摩"和"黑薩摩"二種。被稱為白薩摩的是象牙白色質的的陶瓷,因是作為薩摩藩主的用品,所以花瓶、香爐、茶具等製品為多,特點是表面呈現優美細緻的裂痕。另外質地呈黑色被稱為黑薩摩的陶瓷,主要以實用製品為主。其中有一種被稱為黑千代香(Kuro-joka)的黑酒器是黑薩摩代表性製品。

Tuesday, August 9, 2011

日本的陶瓷工藝

招財貓簡介

招財貓雖然起源於日本,但是也有著類似於中國的“貓洗面過耳則客來”的民間說法,所要表達的依舊是人類亙古不變的對幸福、美滿、好運的希望。玲瓏小巧的招財貓雖然個頭不大,但無論它的手勢還是身上的顏色與花紋,都蘊含著獨特的文化內涵。招財貓舉左手表示招福;舉右手則寓意招財;兩隻手同時舉起,就代表“財”和“福”一起到來的意思。不同顏色的招財貓還代表了主人不同的願望。
招財貓身上顏色的寓意:
金色代表:財運亨通黃色代表:締結良緣
藍色代表:事業興旺
粉色代表:戀愛順利
白色代表:幸運样和
綠色代表:幸福安定
黑色代表:避邪消災、保佑平安
紫色代表:健康、美麗
紅色代表:祛病除魔、身體健康

招財貓身上圖案的寓意:

鈴鐺:象徵開運、緣起
櫻花:象徵愛情、事業好運
富士山:象徵富貴、財運兼得
四季花卉:象徵富貴吉祥
松竹梅:象徵平安吉祥、生命力旺盛
魚:象徵年年有餘
茄子:象徵願望與理想的實現
龜鶴:象徵長壽
寶船:象徵財富
鷹:象徵理想和夢想
招財貓不僅色彩豐富、大小各異,而且各類造型名目繁多。
比如月度貓、節氣貓、春夏秋冬貓、開運貓、勵志貓、幸運貓;貓形筷子架、酒杯、酒壺、水杯、咖啡壺、貓咪存錢罐、貓咪風鈴、貓咪手鏈……大約有5000多種各式各樣的骨質瓷招財貓。
一段動人的傳說,一個個美好的寓意,給原本就憨厚可愛的招財貓又平添了幾分神秘的色彩。無論這只傳說中的“靈貓”是否真的能給鍾愛它的主人帶來福運,招來財運,僅憑它捨命救主的“英勇事蹟”也無愧於人們對它的喜愛與尊敬。其實,只要我們心懷感念,珍惜眼前擁有的一切,對於未來,永遠抱有一顆積極進取的心態,那麼無論是福、是財、是運,都不會離我們太遠。相信這也是招財貓想要向我們傳達的。

August Jewel of the Month-2011



Resource: http://www.antique-jewelry-investor.com/jewel-of-the-month.html

August Jewel of the Month

Bird On A Rock

On exhibition at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from July 30, 2011 - November 2011. Thirty lavish Jewels of Jean Schlumberger (1907 -1987) are presently , but "Bird on a Rock" - one of Jean's (and one of the world's) most fantastical pieces, is not among the exhibit at VMFA, so Antique Jewelry investor. com decided to showcase this amazing piece by Jean Schlumberger for August Jewel-of-the-Month on Antique Jewelry Investor.
This famous Tiffany Diamond is a canary yellow diamond (the largest known of such color) weighing 128.51 carats and cut from a rough diamond weighing 287.42 carats that is believed to be found in 1878 in the Kimberley Mine in South Africa.
It was immediately purchased by Tiffany & Co., New York which has had it displayed at several exhibitions and continuously at its shop in New York City.
This magnificent fancy colored Diamond is cushion cut, cut in Paris with 90 facets, having 40 facets on the crown, 48 on the Pavilion, a Table and a Culet. The 32 facets more than the standard BRILLIANT is what gives the Tiffany diamond its extraordinary Brilliance and Fire.
It was first worn in 1957 at the Tiffany Ball at Newport, Rhode Island by Mrs Sheldon Whitehouse, set in a necklace of white diamonds. The present setting of the diamond was designed in the 1960's by Jean Schlumberger. Jean was engaged as a special designer of jewelry in 1956 and given his own studio.
The “Bird on a Rock” clip of platinum with touches of gold setting designed by Jean is both quirky and fantastically splendid. In it, a small jewel-encrusted bird perches atop the magnificent Tiffany Diamond. Although the Tiffany Diamond is estimated to be one of the most valuable gems in the world, it is free for anyone to look at as they stroll down Fifth Avenue in New York, New York.

Monday, August 8, 2011

出土古玉的色變__沁色

古玉十三彩 :
中國人愛玉也喜歡玩玉,其中一個原因就是玉擁有多變的色澤變化,尤其是出土玉的變化程度,更能讓愛好者有莫名成就感的驕傲。因為古玉出土經過人體的盤玩,其體內的物質成分在受到人氣的涵養後性又會慢慢復甦,從而使古玉原先的沁色發生奇妙的變化,呈現出五光十色的豐富色澤。
玉的原色在尚未入土前大約有、黑等顏色。而若是經過河水長期滾動的水產玉,則在其外表上常會多一層厚薄不一的黃褐色的皮殼,有就是人稱的玉皮
相較於玉的原色,出土古玉的色澤變化就顯得更豐富多采多姿了。古玉長年被埋藏於地下,受地熱地質壓力水氣各式礦物質等影響,造成玉質受沁產生顏色和質地的改變,不同沁色的礦物質和條件就會讓古玉產生不同的色澤。古玉受浸色變之說,自明代格古要論以來,不斷有人進行著書研究和考證,所論浸色多達80餘種,不過行業內把它總稱為古玉十三彩。就是

陳墨黑、
秋葵黃
鸚鵡綠
魚腦凍
棗皮紅
茄皮
蝦子青
松花綠
雞骨白
牛毛紋
鷓鴣斑
釘金
黑漆古等。
其中以白色、褐色綠色、黑色的沁色最為常見。
白色沁色:
就是俗稱的「白化」、「鈣化」、「石灰沁」,顧名思義也就是玉器的顏色變白了,這是軟玉色變最普遍的現象。有些白化嚴重者連軟玉原有的透明度都會失去了,造成整體玉質變脆不透明而成為十三彩中雞骨」。
白化的嚴重程度與年代並無絕對的關係,因為一些清代出土的全器深度白化軟玉,就比一些年代久只有局部白化的軟玉來得嚴重。
有關玉器白化的原因,雖然有許多學者進行研究,不過立論卻甚多且雜,目前尚未有一個切確的結論。眾多的立論包含受相鄰之松香石灰浸入玉中;受強鹼環造成;受火燒曾處在超過900
以上的地層;玉器中的鈣與碳酸氣結合形成碳酸鈣而析出,產生「脫鈣」現象;玉質結構《變鬆》導致喪失透明度及褪色變白,如同《》的道理;土壤中《氫氟》含量較高…等等。
褐色沁色
出土玉器為何變成紅褐色的成因,通常認為是玉器與一同入土的鄰近《鐵器》產生作用,鐵離子沁入玉中,而呈現《》,也就是俗稱的「鐵沁」。在眾多的考古資料中與鐵器鑲嵌在一起的玉器,往往具有《色》的色變,就是鐵沁很好的證明。

綠沁色
玉器色變成綠色的成因,與變褐色一樣,都是入土時被鄰近的《銅器銅離子》沁入玉中而產生變化的。

黑沁色:
入土玉變黑色》也就是俗稱的水銀沁,不過近來的研究資料顯示,水銀沁和我們以往認知是被水銀沁入有很大的誤差。因為水銀本身的比重大於玉的密度,所以玉石是《不可能把吸收水銀進去的,比較有可能是因為和鄰近的《銀器》產生作用。
觀察古玉的沁色可以發現,最容易發生沁色的位置在《玉器的邊緣地帶》,因為該位置比較接近玉璞,其結構較為《疏鬆》,所以比較容易吸入其他礦物質產生變化。
由於入土玉在墓葬時的環境變數實在太多了,與玉器接觸的物體如泥土銅器鐵器漆器絲綢陪葬品…等,或是潮濕乾燥水浸冷熱的地層環境都會造成玉質的變化,所以玉器沁色才會如此豐富多彩,而盤玩、欣賞時也才能產生各式各樣的推敲玩味.

Ancient Jade thirteen color: ( translated by google)Chinese people love jade like jade, one of the reasons jade have varied color and  changes, especially changes of buried jade, inexplicable sense of accomplishment and allow the fans proud. Because the "jade discovery"  through the body plate, the material composition of the body in the popular conservation were after, "jade sex will slowly recover," so that the original impregnation jade wonderful changes occurred, showing a colorful rich color. Jade has not been buried in front of color around the white, yellow, green, Bristol, gray, black and other colors. And if after a long scroll of the river fish jade, its appearance in more than a layer of varying thickness often the "brown" of the hull, there is called the "jade skin."Compared to the color of jade, earth buried jade  color change becomes a more abundant colorful. Jade long been buried in the ground by geothermal, geological, physical, pressure, water vapor, and other kinds of minerals, creating a jade color and texture produced by the Qin changes, different impregnation of mineral and conditions will allow Jade produce different colors. Jade mere mention of the baptism, said that since the "Ming Cao Chao" and "grid to the ancient theory" has been some research and write books for research, the theory of color up to 80 kinds of dip, but the industry as it always Jade thirteen color. Is
Chen ink black,Okra yellow,Parrot green,Fish brain freeze,Jujube skin red,Eggplant Purple,Shrimp green,Pin flower green,Chicken bone white,Ox hair pattern,Partridge spot,Golden impregnation nails,Old black and so on.Among them, white, brown, green, black impregnation of the most common.
White impregnation:Is commonly known as "bleaching", "calcification", "lime Qin", by definition is the color of white jade, this is the most common soft pale jade phenomenon. Some severe cases, even the albino transparency of the original nephrite are lost, resulting in an overall qualitative change in crisp jade, opaque, and become a thirteen color in the "chicken bone white."Bleaching severity and age "there is no absolute" relationship, because some of the depth of the Qing Dynasty unearthed in full control albino nephrite, a number of years longer than the soft jade only partial albinism is more serious.The jade albino reason, although many scholars to study, but the arguments are many and complex, yet there is indeed a cut conclusion. Adjacent to a large number of arguments that contain the rosin, lime jade immersion; by the "alkali environment" cause; by the "fire" or has more than 900 ℃ in 超过 formation; jade in the "calcium and carbonic acid gas" to form precipitation of calcium carbonate to produce "demineralized" phenomenon; jade structure "loose" causing the loss of transparency and fading white, as "water and ice," the truth; soil "hydrofluoric acid" with higher levels of ... and so on.
Brown impregnation:Why become a jade unearthed the cause of red-brown, usually considered to be buried with jade with the adjacent "iron" to be effective, iron Qinru jade, while showing the "red brown", also known as "iron Qin." Among the many archaeological data with iron inlaid with jade, often with a "red brown" and discoloration, iron Qin is a good proof.
Green impregnation:Jade green color into the causes, and become brown, are buried nearby when the "bronze copper ions" Qinru jade resulting change.
Black impregnation:Buried jade "change the black" is commonly known as "mercury Qin", but recent research data shows that mercury Qin and our knowledge is the past, mercury Qinru a great error. Because mercury is greater than their proportion of the density of jade, jade is so "impossible" to absorb the mercury inside, the more likely because of and adjacent to "silver" to be effective.Observe the color of jade can be found in Qin, the most vulnerable position in the impregnation of the "jade edge" because the location is closer Yupu, its structure is relatively "loose", it is more likely to produce changes inhalation of other minerals.Because buried jade burial environment variables when too many, contact with objects such as soil jade, bronze, iron, lacquer, silk, grave goods ... and so on, or wet, dry, flooding, hot and cold environment will result in the formation Jade qualitative change, so will be so colorful jade impregnation, and set to play, to enjoy when they can produce all kinds of scrutiny interesting.

Saturday, August 6, 2011

Georg Jensen - 喬治·傑生

喬治·傑生(丹麦语:Georg Jensen,又译格奥尔·延森,生於1866年-去世1935年10月2日),丹麥設計師,同時也是一個國際知名的銀製品的品牌名稱。其所設計的銀飾在世界珠寶設計界具有重要而經典的地位。
設計師
喬治·傑生於丹麥的哥本哈根北邊一個叫做Raadvad的小鎮上,父親是一位鐵匠,為Raadvad鎮上的刀具廠工作,他14歲時開始到金匠鋪學習珠寶加工,大學時就讀丹麥哥本哈根皇家藝術學院,主修雕塑,並拿獎學金到義大利和法國遊歷,從古典藝術中獲得不少靈感和知識,並在1904年喬治38歲時,回到丹麥,成立了銀雕工作室,也就是今日喬治傑生設計公司的前身。當時工作室一開幕,喬治就獲得了丹麥裝飾藝術美術館的展覽機會,並開始以從自然造型中取得靈感的優雅飾品獲得大眾注目。
喬治同時也是第一個將「氧化」轉為銀飾設計元素的設計師。他巧妙的使用不同的氧化技巧,增加了飾品中柔和的陰影。喬治傑生於1935年去世。喬治傑生是今日銀飾頂尖品牌之一,現屬皇家斯堪的納維亞集團。除了銀飾之外,也有生活用品等等設計,是北歐設計的代表之一。在喬治傑生公司下,有相當多知名的珠寶和銀飾藝術家,如1946年加入的漢寧·古柏(Henning Koppel),
1956年的娜娜·迪索爾(Nanna Ditzel), 艾倫·夏夫(Allan Scharff), 薇薇安·朵蘭(Vivanna Torun Bülow Hübe)。

 喬治傑生品牌  

喬治傑生品牌標誌

1. 標誌用於1904年至1908年


 

5.Sigvaard Bernadotte (1907-200)

1907 - 2002

6.Henning Koppel (1918 - 1981) 漢寧·古柏 1946年加入
1918 - 1981

7.Bent Gabrielsen (1928)
Before 1928

8.Nanna en Jorgen Ditzel    JD - d. 1961
JD - d.1961

9.Nana Ditzel (1923-2005) 娜娜·迪索爾 1956年加入  
1923 - 2005

10.Vivianna Torun Bulow-Hübe (1927-2004) 薇薇安·朵蘭 1956年加入
 1927 - 2004
11.Allan Scharff (1940-)  艾倫·夏夫 1987年加入
 B. 1940

 



 

 

 

2. 標誌用於1909年至1914年


3. 標誌用於1910年至1925年

 

 


4. 標誌用於1915年至1930年

 

 

 

5. 標誌用於1915年至1927年


 






6. 標誌用於1925年至1932年

 

   



7. 標誌用於1930年至1939年 雕刻
8. 標誌用於1933年至1944








9. 標誌用於1945年至1951在哥本哈根售出物品






10. 標誌用於從1945年 - 至今










喬治傑生品牌標誌設計師
1.Johan Rohde (1856-1935)
Johan Rohde (1856-1935)
2.Gundorph Albertus (1887-1970)
Gundorph Albertus (1887 - 1970)
3.Harald Nielsen (1892-1977)
harald-nielsen-gj-silver
4.Arno Malinowski (1899-1976)
1899 - 1976

George Jensen Silver

Georg Jensen
Back Ground
Georg Arthur Jensen was a Danish silversmith born August 31, 1866, Raadvad, Denmark – died October 2, 1935, Copenhagen, Denmark).  .
Georg Jensen Life Timeline
1866 Born in Raadvad, Denmark
1880 began training in goldsmithing at the age of 14 in Copenhagen
1884 finished His apprenticeship, with the firm Guldsmed Andersen.
1892 graduated from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts sculptor studium
1892 Jensen .
1892 exhibited  his clay sculpture was well received and won a grant from the Danish Academy to travel in France and Italy ,but difficult to  make a living as a fine artist.
1901 he abandoned ceramics and began again as a silversmith and designer with the master Mogens Ballin.
1904 opened his own little silversmithy at 36 Bredgade in Copenhagen.
Jensen's training in metalsmithing along with his education in the fine arts allowed him to combine the two disciplines and revive the tradition of the artist craftsman. The beauty and fine quality of his Art Nouveau creations caught the eye of the
public and his success was assured.

proved difficult and he turned his hand to the applied arts. First as a modeller at the Bing & Grøndahl porcelain factory.
 

1906 initially producing modestly priced jewellery and later moving into holloware and flatware.
1908 Many designers contributed to the growing success of the company, particularly Johan Rohde in the early stages, 1908  the business employed nine silversmiths and two apprentices.
1909 The company had also begun to expand quite early on in its history, opening a branch in Berlin for the sale of Jensen products and Royal Copenhagen porcelain.
1914 the branch in Berlin closed
1916 The Company shares were sold in order to cater for increased production and the Georg Jensen Solvsmedie (Georg Jensen Silversmiths) was formed as a result, bolstered further by substantial capital investment in the company in the following year
1920s, before the end of the 1920s, Jensen had opened retail outlets as far ranging as New York, London, Paris, Stockholm, and Berlin.
The early 1920s The company experienced serious difficulties in the economic slump but 1921 the position improved with the appointment of Frederik Lunning (see Lunning Prize) who opened a Georg Jensen Solvsmedie shop in London in 1921
1924  Frederik Lunning opened a Georg Jensen Solvsmedie shop in New York
in  Amongst the key designers working for the firm were Harald Nielsen, the Swedish designer Count Sigvard Bernadotte, and Henry Pilstrup.
1925-6 Apart from a brief spell in Paris,  Jensen himself held the post of artistic director for the firm, with others controlling the silversmith and retailing operations.
1925 Jensen won award at international exhibitions The Grand Prix at the Paris Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels.
1929 Jensen won award at international the International Exposition in Barcelona
1935 Jensen won award at  the Brussels World's Fair
1935 Georg Jensen died, in the preceding years he imbued the firm with his strongly held ideals  concerning both artistry in design and excellence in craftmanship, this tradition has been adhered  to throughout the twentieth century. Jensen  was a proponent of the Art Nouveau style.He had the wisdom and foresigh to allow his designers their own freedom of expression which expanded the stylistic scope of what the firm produced and allowed it to keep step with time.
After the Second World War the company continued to flourish, attracting new talent
1954 Henning Koppel and Nanna Ditzel, both began working on commissions for the firm from 1954 onwards and, later, Allan Scharff and Jørgen Møller.
1972 onwards Georg Jensen Silversmiths underwent takeovers and mergers with a number of companies involved with jewellery, glass, and tableware, first by the Royal Porcelain Factory
1997 as part of a large group under the name of Royal Scandinavia Ltd. in 1997.

When to collect a important part it to known the time of manufacturing.
An easy way to date silver is by its hallmark. This was for many reasons a company would change its hallmark every few years during its production timeline. Reasons were to keep their marks from being reproduced  and a simple methode to date their product.
In this article  provided some George Jensen marks to help to date silver items. It also included some artist marks with the dates were used.

Step to identify silver piece of George Jensen
1. Look at the piece of George Jensen silver. A hallmark stamped somewhere on silver piece. Note, This mark is usually on the bottom of the piece. The mark can be found just about anywhere so if  not able to find it on the bottom keep looking.  Suggestion using a 10x jewelers loop to make it easier to find a silver hallmark.
2. Find the picture below that looks like the mark on your piece of silver.
3. The date range for the silver hallmarks is located just above the pictures.

List of George Jensen Silver Hallmarks

Mark 1(used in 1904-1908)        







Mark 2 (used in 1909-1914)      
   

    



Mark 3 (used in 1910-1925)





Mark 4 (used in 1915-1930)






Mark 5 (used in 1916-1927)






Mark 6 (used in 1925-1932)






Mark 7 (used in 1930′s on hollow-ware). This silver hallmark has engraved letters.





Mark 8 (used in 1933-1944)






Mark 9 (used in 1945 – 1951) on items retailed in Copenhagen.




Mark 10 (used in 1945 – Present ) This silver hallmark has incuse lettering





George Jensen Artist Hallmarks

Addition an artist’s mark is found along with the Jensen maker’s mark. Here are some of the notable artists:

Johan Rohde 1856 - 1935


Johan Rohde (1856-1935) 

Gundorph Albertus 1887 - 1970

Gundorph Albertus (1887 - 1970) 

Harald Nielsen 1892 - 1977

harald-nielsen-gj-silver 

Arno Malinowski  1899 - 1976

1899 - 1976 

Sigvard Bernadotte  1907 - 2002

1907 - 2002 

Henning Koppel 1918 - 1981

1918 - 1981 

Bent Gabrielsen B.1928

Before 1928 

Nanna & Jorgen Ditzel  JD - d. 1961

JD - d.1961 

Nanna Ditzel  1923 - 2005

1923 - 2005 

Vivianna Torun Bulow-Hube  1927 - 2004

1927 - 2004 

Allan Scharff  B. 1940  With JG from 1987

B. 1940 

other links

1898 he founded  a small pottery workshop in partnership with Christian Petersen. Again the work was  well received, but sales were not strong enough to support.